Advertising

Advertising in business is a form of marketing communication used to encourage, persuade, or manipulate an audience (viewers, readers or listeners; sometimes a specific group) to take or continue to take some action. Most commonly, the desired result is to drive consumer behavior with respect to a commercial offering, although political and ideological advertising is also common. Advertising is at the front of delivering the proper message to customers and prospective customers. The purpose of advertising is to convince customers that a company's services or products are the best, enhance the image of the company, point out and create a need for products or services, demonstrate new uses for established products, announce new products and programs, reinforce the salespeople's individual messages, draw customers to the business, and to hold existing customers.

Two forms of advertising are Radio advertising

Radio advertising is a form of advertising via the medium of radio. Radio advertisements are broadcast as radio waves to the air from a transmitter to an antenna and a thus to a receiving device. Airtime is purchased from a station or network in exchange for airing the commercials. While radio has the limitation of being restricted to sound, proponents of radio advertising often cite this as an advantage. Radio is an expanding medium that can be found not only on air, but also online. According to Arbitron, radio has approximately 241.6 million weekly listeners, or more than 93 percent of the U.S. population. Online advertising

Online advertising is a form of promotion that uses the Internet and World Wide Web for the expressed purpose of delivering marketing messages to attract customers. Online ads are delivered by an ad server. Examples of online advertising include contextual ads that appear on search engine results pages, banner ads, in text ads, Rich Media Ads, Social network advertising, online classified advertising, advertising networks and e-mail marketing, including e-mail spam.

Advertising has gone through five major stages of development: domestic, export, international, multi-national, and global. For global advertisers, there are four, potentially competing, business objectives that must be balanced when developing worldwide advertising: building a brand while speaking with one voice, developing economies of scale in the creative process, maximising local effectiveness of ads, and increasing the company’s speed of implementation. Born from the evolutionary stages of global marketing are the three primary and fundamentally different approaches to the development of global advertising executions: exporting executions, producing local executions, and importing ideas that travel

Video Games

The fast paced world of technology is expanding quickly and is beginning to take the player right out of the comfort of their living room and emerging them into virtual worlds. From military training simulators to the new Xbox One, gaming technology is starting to break the boundaries of reality. The future of gaming generations is all through touch screens and sensors putting you right into the driving seat. As technology evolves, people begin to panic just like they did with the invention of Tvs along with the beginning of different forms of mass media as well, believing they would soon take over peoples life.
  A video game is a computer-controlled game where a video display such as a monitor or television is the primary feedback device. The term "computer game" also includes games which display only text (and which can therefore theoretically be played on a teletypewriter) or which use other methods, such as sound or vibration, as their primary feedback device, but there are very few new games in these categories. There always must also be some sort of input device, usually in the form of button/joystick combinations (on arcade games), a keyboard & mouse/trackball combination (computer games), or a controller (console games), or a combination of any of the above. Also, more esoteric devices have been used for input. Usually there are rules and goals, but in more open-ended games the player may be free to do whatever they like within the confines of the virtual universe.

In common usage, a "computer game" or a "PC game" refers to a game that is played on a personal computer. "Console game" refers to one that is played on a device specifically designed for the use of such, while interfacing with a standard television set. "Arcade game" refers to a game designed to be played in an establishment in which patrons pay to play on a per-use basis. "Video game" (or "videogame") has evolved into a catchall phrase that encompasses the aforementioned along with any game made for any other device, including, but not limited to, mobile phones, PDAs, advanced calculators, etc.

Video Games are used as a source of mass media and communication as it is a platform for large firms and companies to sell their new products and services to the public. Video games are mostly popular with teenagers and companies use this to sell products. In certain games companies pay a price for the game to use a product of theirs in the gameplay. Through this the product reaches the target audience and sales and profit increase.The Gaming world is becoming more advance than anyone had ever expected ten years ago and makes you wonder how far it will go in our life time. Game systems have evolve over the years from “pong” and game cube to xbox and Wii technology is quickly advancing. While it is exciting to have all of these new innovations the perfection of these alternative worlds is going to effect human behavior.

Public Relations

Public relations (PR) is the practice of managing the spread of information between an individual or an organization and the public. Public relations may include an organization or individual gaining exposure to their audiences using topics of public interest and news items that do not require direct payment. The aim of public relations by a company often is to persuade the public, investors, partners, employees, and other stakeholders to maintain a certain point of view about it, its leadership, products, or of political decisions. Common activities include speaking at conferences, winning industry awards, working with the press, and employee communication.



Arthur W. Page is sometimes considered to be the father of "corporate public relations" for his work with the American Telephone and Telegraph Company from 1927 to 1946. The company's newly attained monopoly had led to public distrust due to its control over the communications network.[45] In the early 1900s, AT&T had assessed that 90% of its press coverage was negative, which was reduced to 60 percent by changing its business practices and disseminating information to the press. Page positioned the company as a public utility and increased the public's appreciation for the company's contributions to society.


Ivy Lee, a former Wall Street reporter, is sometimes called the father of public relations and was influential in establishing it as a professional practice. In 1906, Lee published a Declaration of Principles, which said that public relations work should be done in the open, should be accurate and cover topics of public interest. Ivy Lee is also credited with developing the modern press release and the "two-way-street" philosophy of both listening to and communicating with respective publics.
In practice Lee's work was often identified as spin or propaganda. In 1913 and 1914 the mining union was blaming the Ludlow Massacre, where on-strike miners and their families were killed by state militia, on the Rockefeller family and their coal mining operation, The Colorado Fuel and Iron Company. On the Rockefeller family's behalf, Lee published bulletins called "Facts Concerning the Struggle in Colorado for Industrial Freedom," which contained false and misleading information. The press said Lee "twisted the facts" and called him a "paid liar," a "hired slanderer," and a "poisoner of public opinion."
Public relations is the art of engaging the public through the media and influencing opinion. For many companies it is an essential part of their marketing strategy. For others, it can supplement a strong marketing/advertising push to create a comprehensive external communications efforts. Examples of public relations include press releases, social media, answering customer inquiries and most importantly, engaging the media (newspapers, magazines, television etc.).

Hard News. Soft News.

News stories are basically divided into two types: hard news and soft news. Hard new generally refers to up-to-the-minute news and events that are reported immediately, while soft news is background information or human-interest stories.
Politics, war, economics and crime used to be considered hard news, while arts, entertainment and lifestyles were considered soft news.


Definitions
Hard news is the kind of fast-paced news that usually appears on the front page of newspapers. Stories that fall under the umbrella of hard news often deal with topics like business, politics and international news.
What defines hard news isn't always about subject matter. Some might call a news story that's heavily reported, on a subject matter considered softer (like entertainment), hard news because of the way it was approached.
Soft media is defined as those organizations that primarily deal with commentary, entertainment, arts and lifestyle. Soft media can take the form of television programs, magazines or print articles. The communication from soft media sources has been referred to as soft news

Is it possible to do a hard-news report on a soft-news topic (i.e. entertainment) and vice versa?

It is not possible because of the following factors.

The idea of hard news embodies two concepts:
Seriousness: Politics, economics, crime, war, and disasters are considered serious topics, as are certain aspects of law, business, science, and technology.
Timeliness: Stories that cover current events—the progress of a war, the results of a vote, the breaking out of a fire, a significant statement, the freeing of a prisoner, an economic report of note.

The logical opposite, soft news is sometimes referred to in a derogatory fashion as infotainment. Defining features catching the most criticism include:
The least serious subjects: Arts and entertainment, sports, lifestyles, "human interest", and celebrities.
Not timely: There is no precipitating event triggering the story, other than a reporter's curiosity.

It wont be possible to put hard news and soft news with each other as they both have different audiences, source's and forms of media through which they reach their readers or viewers. It would only mix things up as certain papers have certain news, like CNN has only hard news but entertainment news have soft news, which is not important but people read it or watch it for entertainment purposes.
People read each type of news for different purposes, hard news mainly consists of political stories, business deals and firms and also national emergencies and natural disasters, these news are important to the viewers as they are informative and benefit the readers. But soft news consists of topics like art, film and entertainment which are read for pleasure purposes. Therefore you cannot put hard news on soft news and vice versa.

Mobile Phones

Mobile phones were introduced in Japan in 1979 but became a mass media only in 1998 when the first downloadable ringing tones were introduced in Finland. Soon most forms of media content were introduced on mobile phones, tablets and other portable devices, and today the total value of media consumed on mobile vastly exceeds that of internet content, and was worth over 31 billion dollars in 2007 (source Informa). The mobile media content includes over 8 billion dollars worth of mobile music (ringing tones, ringback tones, truetones, MP3 files, karaoke, music videos, music streaming services etc.); over 5 billion dollars worth of mobile gaming; and various news, entertainment and advertising services. In Japan mobile phone books are so popular that five of the ten best-selling printed books were originally released as mobile phone books.

Similar to the internet, mobile is also an interactive media, but has far wider reach, with 3.3 billion mobile phone users at the end of 2007 to 1.3 billion internet users (source ITU). Like email on the internet, the top application on mobile is also a personal messaging service, but SMS text messaging is used by over 2.4 billion people. Practically all internet services and applications exist or have similar cousins on mobile, from search to multiplayer games to virtual worlds to blogs. Mobile has several unique benefits which many mobile media pundits claim make mobile a more powerful media than either TV or the internet, starting with mobile being permanently carried and always connected. Mobile has the best audience accuracy and is the only mass media with a built-in payment channel available to every user without any credit cards or PayPal accounts or even an age limit. Mobile is often called the 7th Mass Medium and either the fourth screen (if counting cinema, TV and PC screens) or the third screen (counting only TV and PC).

Mobile phones are a source of mass media for all companies and firms to advertise and sell their good s and services. In todays world mobile phones are owned by almost everyone and used more than regularly to get in touch, entertainment and also work. Most of todays generation uses smart phones like Iphones and Samsung Galaxy, this benefits companies and firms to advertise and sell goods and services and increase their sales. Many large companies advertise their products on phones via text messages, phone calls, alerts, emails (received on mobiles) and now days via applications. Some companies like Dominoes has its own mobile application through which you can make your own pizza with your own toppings and get it delivered to your house in less than an hour. Some car companies like Chevrolet has its own application in which it shows details of the owners car, mileage and when the cars next servicing is.

Differing from the internet, mobile as the 7th mass media channel is similar to the five legacy mass media, economically viable with a stable business model from day one. Yet, differing from the legacy mass media, all of which are witnessing a decline in their audiences and revenues, mobile like the internet, is an interactive media enabling it to fully capitalize on social networking and digital communities.
But more importantly from a media audience point-of-view, there already are over twice as many mobile phones worldwide as there are personal computers, nearly twice as many mobiles as TV sets. The only mass media that is carried upon the owner at all times, mobile is also the first mass media where near 100% accuracy is feasible on measuring the audience.
In todays world most of the companies use phones as a large medium of advertising because it has a large target audience and its connectivity is also good. Firms use this form of mass media as it is cheaper than billboards or advertising on the television, the reach of mobile phones is larger as the users are very high in numbers.

Transition In TV Shows

A television program (television programme in the United Kingdom), also called television show, is a segment of content intended for broadcast on television. It may be a one-time production or part of a periodically recurring series.

A television series that is intended to comprise a limited number of episodes is usually called a miniseries or serial. Series without a fixed length are usually divided into seasons orseries, yearly or semiannual installments of new episodes. While there is no defined length, US industry practice tends to favor longer seasons than those of some other countries

The 2 TV shows that I am going to compare in this blog are "That 70's Show" and "The Big Bang Theory"

This show was a comedy show with a good story line and seasons which starred 6 different individuals who studied together, just like in the TV show "The big bang theory." These 2 shows have a similar story line but they are completely different in context with values, technology and culture. In the 70's show the shoots were mainly in the classroom where the focus was mostly related to work and how they studied and learnt, there was no corrupt talks, like drugs or alcohol. But coming to the later show, they would have more jokes in the dialogues and would also talk about work, relationships and also sex at times. This is only because of the audience that watches these shows and the transformation of these viewers over the years. The Indian from the older show would be conservative and clean, but Raj for Big Bang would be more modern and frank. The party culture is not shown in the olden show but in Big Bang there are episodes and scenes of parties.



In the last few years, the things that have changed the most are technology. The equipment is more professional for sound, video and also editing. The olden shows could be seen only on cable television with a decent resolution, but todays shows can be seen on your phone, iPad, internet and also your television in HD. In the previous shows there would be only 1 or 2 sets and backgrounds as it would be difficult to shoot in public areas and also expensive, but in the Big Bang there would be shots in various locations, even if not in reality they would use technology to actually create a real background. Technology plays an important role in movies and television shows for editing, advertisements and also shooting. With the modern technology we have in todays world, TV shows like Big Bang use it for animation, color effects and sometimes also the 3D effect. But with the older TV shows you wouldn't find these great effects and features. The older shows back in the 90's had about 3-4 seasons but the modern shows go up to 10-12 seasons with a great storyline and also a good cast. Todays shows have a better introduction and a catchy tune to go with it along with famous dialogues. There has been a change in the TV Shows in the sense of production, development and exhibition. The methods of promotions and the channels used to get the media to its audience.


The Big Bang Song

Avatar

Plot
Avatar is a 2009 American epic science fiction action film written and directed by James Cameron, and starring Sam Worthington,Zoe Saldana, Stephen Lang, Michelle Rodriguez, Joel David Moore, Giovanni Ribisi, and Sigourney Weaver. The film is set in the mid-22nd century, when humans are mining a precious mineral called unobtanium on Pandora, a lush habitable moon of a gas giant in theAlpha Centauri star system. The expansion of the mining colony threatens the continued existence of a local tribe of Na'vi – ahumanoid species indigenous to Pandora. The film's title refers to a genetically engineered Na'vi body with the mind of a remotely located human, and is used to interact with the natives of Pandora.



Cast
Sam Worthington
Stephen Lang
Sigourney Weaver
Michelle Rodriguez
Dileep Rao
Joel David Moore


Contribution To The Film Industry

Avatar was officially budgeted at $237 million. Other estimates put the cost between $280 million and $310 million for production and at $150 million for promotion.The film made extensive use of cutting edge motion capture filming techniques, and was released for traditional viewing, 3D viewing (using the RealD 3D, Dolby 3D, XpanD 3D, and IMAX 3D formats), and for "4D" experiences in select South Korean theaters. The stereoscopic filmmaking was touted as a breakthrough in cinematic technology. Avatar has contributed to the film industry in many ways from the production of the movie to how they marketed in and the income it generated. Avatar made great progress in the film industry in the field of visual effects, Innovations include a new system for lighting massive areas like Pandora's jungle, a motion-capture stage or "volume" six times larger than any previously used, and an improved method of capturing facial expressions, enabling full performance capture. To achieve the face capturing, actors wore individually made skull caps fitted with a tiny camera positioned in front of the actors' faces; the information collected about their facial expressions and eyes is then transmitted to computers.During filming, Cameron made use of his virtual camera system, a new way of directing motion-capture filmmaking. The system shows the actors' virtual counterparts in their digital
surroundings in real time, allowing the director to adjust and direct scenes just as if shooting live action. He also promoted the Avatar in as many ways as possible like collaborating with Coco Cola, the books, video games, action figures, postage stamps and also theme parks and attractions. It also set a record in many fields and used 4D in the best way possible. Avatar also broke one of hollywoods greatest movies record, The Titanic, by making more money in the box office. Rotten Tomatoes reports that 83% of 291 professional critics have given the film a positive review, with a rating average of 7.4 out of 10. The site's consensus is that "It might be more impressive on a technical level than as a piece of storytelling, but Avatar reaffirms James Cameron's singular gift for imaginative, absorbing filmmaking. On Metacritic, which assigns a weighted mean rating out of 100 reviews from film critics, the film has a "universal acclaim" rating score of 83 based on 35 reviews. CinemaScore polls conducted during the opening weekend revealed the average grade cinemagoers gave Avatar was A on an A+ to F scale.

Avatar, the film will be considered one of the greatest movies after 15-20 years because of all the contributions and new methods it has brought to the film industry. This movie will be recieved and considered as one of those movies which has revolutionized animated movies and how they were made. It will be considered as a classic after 20 or more years. It will be the first kind of movie with such a theme and such a big movie budget. It will be very hard to beat the records set by this movie.